Tag: Health Medical

1. Joan Smith, 55 years of age, is a female patient who presents to the intensive care unit with the diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage. The patient stopped taking her antihypertensives suddenly because of the cost of the medications and she recently lost her job to outsourcing. The patient is slightly drowsy and complains of a headache and blurred vision. The patient’s blood pressure is 220/130 mm Hg upon presentation.

1. According to the definitions set by the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7), which type of hypertensive crisis is the patient currently experiencing?

1. Describe the treatment goals for handling the hypertensive crisis and apply the goals to the case study. Determine the current mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the goals for treatment.

The physician prescribes nicardipine hydrochloride (Cardene) 25 mg/250 mL, NS for peripheral IV starting at 2.5 mg/hr, and titrate by 2.5 mg/hr every 15 minutes to reach the goal for the first hour, which is to achieve 25% reduction of the initial MAP.

• Call the physician if the dosing range of 15 mg/hr has been reached and the MAP is still not at target goal for the first hour of treatment, or up to four dose increases
• Lower the BP within 6 hours to 160/100 mm Hg
• Adjust the IV rate so that the IV fluids plus the nicardipine IV drip are equal to 100 mL/hr, in total. Call the physician if the IV fluids must go above 100 mL/hr to provide the nicardipine

1. Explain what rate to set initially for both the nicardipine drip and the NS maintenance fluids.

1. Explain the process of titrating the nicardipine drip for the first hour to achieve the final MAP goal of 25% reduction of the original MAP
2. The community health nurse is preparing a program about hypertension for a local community center. The focus of the program is on the reduction of risk factors and compliance for those who have been diagnosed with high blood pressure. The target population includes older adults.

1. The nurse focuses on primary hypertension because it accounts for 90% to 95% of hypertension in the United States. What risk factors does the nurse include for this population?

1. The nurse prepares to discuss the changes in how the JNC 7 defines hypertension. What ranges and descriptions should the nurse include?

1. Because this is a gerontologic audience, the nurse needs to review why blood pressure increases with age. Explain how the structural and functional changes of aging contribute to higher blood pressure in the older adult.

1. What information does the nurse include about lifestyle modifications that may decrease risk of hypertension (or complications associated with diagnosed hypertension)?

Post a total of 3 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post and 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member.

Due Thursday

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

• How would you approach a patient with flank and groin pain with hematuria?
• A patient presents with a kidney stone by CT scan measuring 9 mm in the distal ureter. What further testing is required? How would you treat this patient?

Due Monday

Post 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member comparing response. Be constructive and professional.

by reading the file please answer these two questions

1- What does the term “fee-for-service” mean regarding health care? How, in your opinion, did this form of reimbursement come to be standard practice?

2- What is interoperability and why is it important to the practice of value-based care, cost-effectiveness, and public health?

Research Proposal Format

A Cover Page

Include the title of the research project, your name(s) & group (if applicable), institution & course information, professor’s name & title, and due date

As a reminder, you should follow the American Psychological Association (APA) format.

You should closely proofread and check your composition for errors (sentence construction, syntax, subject-verb agreement, punctuation, etc.) to avoid penalty.

Abstract: (200–300 words)

You should give an accurate summary of the entirety of the research proposal touching on its various components. Typically, the abstract is the last component to be written, after the research proposal write-up is complete.

Introduction: (one paragraph) In this paragraph in particular, your goal is to grab the reviewer’s attention. You should introduce the purpose, problem, and significance of the proposed research study, as well as the research question(s) or hypothesis. A brief explanation of the theory guiding the study, an overview of the relevant literature review pertaining to the research problem, and a short description of the research design should be included. After reading the Introduction, the reviewer should not only understand the reason(s) why this research is conducted, but also how the research findings will contribute to one’s academic field, as well as benefit the academic community and society at large.

Statement of the Problem

The problem statement should be concise, should include the specific or descriptor variables [independent variables (IV) and dependent variables (DV)], and should inform the reviewer of the exact purpose of the study.

Purpose of the Study

You should not only state the purpose of the study very clearly, but also demonstrate the study’s potential value(s).

Research Question or Hypothesis

The research question or hypothesis should be well-stated and based on the purpose of the study. Remember that hypotheses are intelligent, educated guesses made by the researcher about how the research problem will be resolved. In other words, hypotheses are tentative propositions set forth by the researcher to help in guiding the investigation of a research problem.

Definition of Terms— In experimental research, it is essential that you define the central ideas or concepts of the research study. Therefore, carefully define each concept/variable that will be used in the study, citing other research studies as much as needed.

Theoretical Framework— Many researchers tie their research studies to a preexisting set of concepts and principles, which might elucidate cause-and-effect and other types of relationships within the phenomenon under investigation. A theoretical framework not only implicitly includes possible explanations of these relationships, but also provides the basis for making educated guesses about what the data might reveal; and to some extent, it guides the research design and data analyses.

Literature Review

You not only should describe what is already known about the phenomenon, but also include a succinct discussion of why the reviewed background studies are not sufficient.

• Summarize what is already known about the phenomenon. Include a summary of the basic background information on the topic, which you’ve gathered from your literature review.
• Discuss several critical studies that have already been done in this area (cite according to APA style).
• Point out why these background studies are insufficient. In other words, what question(s) do they leave unresolved, necessitating further investigation?
• Choose at least one of these questions that you want to pursue yourself. (Make sure you do not choose too many questions.)

Methodology and Research Design

Describe how you would go about collecting data and test the questions that you are examining. You are not required to come up with a new or original method, although you can. In the literature review, you may get an idea about methodologies that have been used by other researchers. You could certainly adapt one or more of these methods for your needs.

Methods: How will you collect the data and why?

• Describe the general methodology you chose for your research study to test your hypothesis(es).
• Explain why this method is the best for your purposes.

Design:

• Describe what kinds of manipulations/interventions (if any) you will administer to test your hypothesis(es).
• Explain what significant differences you would need to find in order to confirm (retain) or disconfirm (reject) your hypothesis(es). In particular, how could your hypothesis(es) be rejected by your data?
• Controls: What kinds of factors will you need to control for in your study?
• Describe the types of effects that need to occur in order for your results to appear to confirm (retain) or disconfirm (reject) your hypothesis(es).
• Describe how by your research design you could rule out or control for apparent effects.

Participants: Whom will you test and why?

• Describe the sample that you plan on testing and explain why you have chosen this sample. Include age, gender, and other characteristics relevant to the design.
• Are there any participants you will exclude? Why or why not?

Procedures/Instrumentation

• Describe your experimental procedures.
• How will study participants be involved in these procedures?
• Include all instruments used to collect data, such as surveys, questionnaires, etc.

Analysis

• What type(s) of data do you anticipate to collect?
• How will you analyze the data? What statistical tests, tools, and/or measures you will employ?
• What kind of results would confirm (retain) your hypothesis?
• What kind of results would disconfirm (reject) your hypothesis?

Protection of Human Rights

In the research proposal, you should specify clearly who the participants will be, how they will be chosen, how many will participate, and whether there will be any special characteristics to look for. A description of how the participant’s human rights will be protected should be included. You should emphasize the Institutional Review Board (IRB) criteria and procedures that have to be met in order to be granted approval prior to study execution. In addition, written informed consent should be discussed.

Significance and Conclusion

You should discuss, in general, how your proposed research study has the potential to lead to a significant improvement over the reviewed related studies, and how it would benefit the field. (In other words, why should someone care? If you were applying for money to do this, why would someone fund you? If you wanted to publish your results, why would they be interesting?)

References:

Citations and references should be exclusively in APA style. Clean up your list to avoid penalty. Only those sources that have been cited in the text (linked) should be listed.

Module 01 Assignment – Pharmacy Information Fact Sheets

Module 01 Content

1. 
   

   Scenario

   On your first day as a new pharmacy technician, your pharmacy manager explains their collaborative work with other health professions to ensure patients receive the best care. This includes physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, dentists, dental hygienists, and many others. The pharmacy manager explains that these health professionals work together to ensure the health and safety of their patients. Pharmacy staff can often educate other health professionals on pharmacy availability, new drugs and formulations, and various other areas where pharmacy personnel have expertise.
   You have been asked to create fact sheets for other healthcare professionals, with a focus on learning how pharmacy personnel works as part of the healthcare team to educate and optimize patient care.

   Instructions

   Utilizing resources such as your course textbook, your state’s board of pharmacy website, and other reputable sources of drug information, create a one-page fact sheet for each of the items below to explain to health care professionals.

   1. Explain the differences between community (retail) pharmacies, such as Walgreens and CVS, and specialty pharmacies that typically mail-order prescriptions. Include the following factors:
   2. How each pharmacy is accessed by the public
   3. Drugs that can be dispensed by each
   4. Insurance considerations
   5. Patient counseling
   6. Explain the differences between Narcan nasal spray and Evzio auto-injector, which are both used for opioid overdose Include the following factors:
   7. Time to onset
   8. Ease of use
   9. Cost
   10. Availability based on your state’s regulations

   Submit your fact sheets as one Microsoft Word document. Include at least three references and cite your references in APA format.

   Resources

   • State Board of Pharmacy website (specific for your state)
   • Drug Information References:
   • Daily Med: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov
   • Drug Information Portal: http://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov
   • Drugs.com: www.drugs.com
   • Epocrates: www.epocrates.com
   • Physicians Drug Reference: www.pdr.net
   • Rx List: www.rxlist.com
   • Fact Sheet Guide: https://rasmussen.libanswers.com/faq/329100

Activity on Wellness and Chronic Illness:

· Access the website http://www.ssa.gov/oact/progdata/funds.html and check on the status of the “trust fund.” Look at its status over the last 5 years. Is the trend you see concerning to you and why?

· Research the laws about living wills and durable powers of attorney in a state. Summarize your findings and how to and who would determine the decision-making capacity of a patient should he or she decide to end the authority of the POA

· Access the website of the U.S. health care Market Place at https://www.healthcare.gov/get-covered-a-1-page-guide-to-the-health-insurance-marketplace/. Follow the instructions on how to purchase health care coverage. What types of plans are available and at what cost? Are there affordable plans without a large deductible? What would you select and why?

· Access the CMS website and make a list of the Medicare Part D plans and their evaluations. Examine the evaluations and choose the plan(s) you think would be best for the older adults in your family.

· Access the National Elder Law Association website at www.nelf.org and see what information is provided there. Was the website easy to navigate and did it provide helpful information?

· Investigate the Partnership for Long-Term Care program at www.partnershipforlongtermcare.com. What information can you find for your state? Access http://npionline.org to see if there is a PACE program in your state. Read about how PACE works, what services are provided, how to apply, and how to generate interest to start a PACE program in your area.

· Examine current literature for articles that address the topic of sexual needs in older adults. Summarize their findings.

 

Locate a case where a health care professional has been disciplined by the licensure board. Examine the issues, compare those issues with the professional ethics of that profession, and discuss the ethical violations that may have occurred in the conduct leading to disciplinary action. 

 

For this discussion, please answer the following questions 

1-What was your greatest success this semester?
2- What went well for you in this class?
3- What could use some improvement?
4- What are your plans for Summer Break?

Develop a disaster recovery plan to lessen health disparities and improve access to community services after a disaster. Then, develop and record a 10-12 slide presentation (please refer to the PowerPoint tutorial) of the plan with audio and speaker notes for the Vila Health system, city officials, and the disaster relief team.

As you begin to prepare this assessment, you are encouraged to complete the Disaster Preparedness and Management activity. The information gained from completing this activity will help you succeed with the assessment as you think through key issues in disaster preparedness and management in the community or workplace. Completing activities is also a way to demonstrate engagement.

Professional Context

Nurses perform a variety of roles and their responsibilities as health care providers extend to the community. The decisions we make daily and in times of crisis often involve the balancing of human rights with medical necessities, equitable access to services, legal and ethical mandates, and financial constraints. In the event of a major accident or natural disaster, many issues can complicate decisions concerning the needs of an individual or group, including understanding and upholding rights and desires, mediating conflict, and applying established ethical and legal standards of nursing care. As a nurse, you must be knowledgeable about disaster preparedness and recovery to safeguard those in your care. As an advocate, you are also accountable for promoting equitable services and quality care for the diverse community.

Nurses work alongside first responders, other professionals, volunteers, and the health department to safeguard the community. Some concerns during a disaster and recovery period include the possibility of death and infectious disease due to debris and/or contamination of the water, air, food supply, or environment. Various degrees of injury may also occur during disasters, terrorism, and violent conflicts.

To maximize survival, first responders must use a triage system to assign victims according to the severity of their condition/prognosis in order to allocate equitable resources and provide treatment. During infectious disease outbreaks, triage does not take the place of routine clinical triage.

Trace-mapping becomes an important step to interrupting the spread of all infectious diseases to prevent or curtail morbidity and mortality in the community. A vital step in trace-mapping is the identification of the infectious individual or group and isolating or quarantining them. During the trace-mapping process, these individuals are interviewed to identify those who have had close contact with them. Contacts are notified of their potential exposure, testing referrals become paramount, and individuals are connected with appropriate services they might need during the self-quarantine period (CDC, 2020).

An example of such disaster is the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. People who had contact with someone who were in contact with the COVID-19 virus were encouraged to stay home and maintain social distance (at least 6 feet) from others until 14 days after their last exposure to a person with COVID-19. Contacts were required to monitor themselves by checking their temperature twice daily and watching for symptoms of COVID-19 (CDC, 2020). Local, state, and health department guidelines were essential in establishing the recovery phase. Triage Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in the case of COVID-19 focused on inpatient and outpatient health care facilities that would be receiving, or preparing to receive, suspected, or confirmed COVID- 19 victims. Controlling droplet transmission through hand washing, social distancing, self-quarantine, PPE, installing barriers, education, and standardized triage algorithm/questionnaires became essential to the triage system (CDC, 2020; WHO, 2020).

This assessment provides an opportunity for you to apply the concepts of emergency preparedness, public health assessment, triage, management, and surveillance after a disaster. You will also focus on evacuation, extended displacement periods, and contact tracing based on the disaster scenario provided.

Preparation

When disaster strikes, community members must be protected. A comprehensive recovery plan, guided by the MAP-IT (Mobilize, Assess, Plan, Implement, Track) framework, is essential to help ensure everyone’s safety. The unique needs of residents must be assessed to lessen health disparities and improve access to equitable services after a disaster. Recovery efforts depend on the appropriateness of the plan, the extent to which key stakeholders have been prepared, the quality of the trace-mapping, and the allocation of available resources. In a time of cost containment, when personnel and resources may be limited, the needs of residents must be weighed carefully against available resources.

In this assessment, you are a community task force member responsible for developing a disaster recovery plan for the Vila Health community using MAP-IT and trace-mapping, which you will present to city officials and the disaster relief team.

To prepare for the assessment, complete the Vila Health: Disaster Recovery Scenario simulation.

In addition, you are encouraged to complete the Disaster Preparedness and Management activity. The information gained from completing this activity will help you succeed with the assessment as you think through key issues in disaster preparedness and management in the community or workplace. Completing activities is also a way to demonstrate engagement.

Begin thinking about:

• Community needs.
• Resources, personnel, budget, and community makeup.
• People accountable for implementation of the disaster recovery plan.
• Healthy People 2020 goals and 2030 objectives.
• A timeline for the recovery effort.

You may also wish to:

• Review the MAP-IT (Mobilize, Assess, Plan, Implement, Track) framework, which you will use to guide the development of your plan:
  • Mobilize collaborative partners.
  • Assess community needs.
  • Plan to lessen health disparities and improve access to services.
  • Implement a plan to reach Healthy People 2020 goals or 2030 objectives.
  • Track community progress.
• Review the assessment instructions and scoring guide to ensure that you understand the work you will be asked to complete.

Note: Remember that you can submit all, or a portion of, your draft recovery plan to Smarthinking Tutoring for feedback, before you submit the final version for this assessment. If you plan on using this free service, be mindful of the turnaround time of 24-48 hours for receiving feedback.

Note: If you require the use of assistive technology or alternative communication methods to participate in this activity, please contact DisabilityServices@capella.edu to request accommodations.

Instructions

Every 10 years, The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion release information on health indicators, public health issues, and current trends. At the end of 2020, Healthy People 2030 was released to provide information for the next 10 years. Healthy People 2030 provides the most updated content when it comes to prioritizing public health issues; however, there are historical contents that offer a better understanding of some topics. Disaster preparedness is addressed in Healthy People 2030, but a more robust understanding of MAP-IT, triage, and recovery efforts is found in Healthy People 2020. For this reason, you will find references to both Healthy People 2020 and Healthy People 2030 in this course.

Complete the following:

1. Develop a disaster recovery plan for the Vila Health community that will lessen health disparities and improve access to services after a disaster. Refer back to the Vila Health: Disaster Recovery Scenario to understand the Vila Health community.
   • Assess community needs.
   • Consider resources, personnel, budget, and community makeup.
   • Identify the people accountable for implementation of the plan and describe their roles.
   • Focus on specific Healthy People 2020 goals and 2030 objectives.
   • Include a timeline for the recovery effort.
2. Apply the MAP-IT (Mobilize, Assess, Plan, Implement, Track) framework to guide the development of your plan:
   • Mobilize collaborative partners.
   • Assess community needs.
     • Use the demographic data and specifics related to the disaster to identify the needs of the community and develop a recovery plan. Consider physical, emotional, cultural, and financial needs of the entire community.
     • Include in your plan the equitable allocation of services for the diverse community.
     • Apply the triage classification to provide a rationale for those who may have been injured during the train derailment. Provide support for your position.
     • Include in your plan contact tracing of the homeless, disabled, displaced community members, migrant workers, and those who have hearing impairment or English as a second language in the event of severe tornadoes.
   • Plan to lessen health disparities and improve access to services.
   • Implement a plan to reach Healthy People 2020 goals and 2030 objectives.
   • Track and trace-map community progress.
     • Use the CDC’s Contract Tracing Resources for Health Departments as a template to create your contact tracing.
     • Describe the plan for contact tracing during the disaster and recovery phase.
3. Develop a slide presentation of your disaster recovery plan with an audio recording of you presenting your assessment of the Vila Health: Disaster Recovery Scenario for city officials and the disaster relief team. Be sure to also include speaker notes.