Science Homework Help

I’m working on a anatomy writing question and need an explanation to help me study.

Part II – Cardiac Involvement
Mr. Helms was admitted to the hospital with chest pains and shortness of breath. His wife was panicked since her 72
year-old husband had a history of heart disease. After examination and an echocardiogram, Dr. Collins spoke with
Mrs. Helms. “I’m very sorry, but your husband has had another heart attack resulting in valve failure. A papillary
muscle that controls a valve in his heart has been severely damaged and is no longer working.”

Questions
1. What is the purpose of blood f ow?

2. Describe blood fow through the heart starting with blood entering the right side of the heart and including all
chambers and valves.

3. What is the function of heart valves?

4. What is the function of papillary muscles?

5. Which valve is afected with damage to the papillary muscle in the left ventricle?

Part III – Cardiovascular Involvement
Dr. Collins called Nurse Nan from the patient’s room and confded, “Mr. Helms is in bad shape. His left
posteromedial papillary muscle was damaged from his heart attack. Te papillary muscle is no longer able to maintain
closure of the valve, and this has resulted in mitral valve prolapse. With decreasing cardiac output, this patient is in for
a fght for his life.” Nurse Nan knew that maintaining cardiac output was necessary for adequate blood f ow through
the body. As Dr. Collins walked away, Nurse Nan composed herself to tell Mrs. Helms the bad news and returned
to the patient’s room. Nurse Nan explained to Mrs. Helms that her husband had left-sided heart failure and that his
blood pressure was slowly and steadily decreasing.

Questions
1. In general, how is the direction of blood fow disrupted because of mitral valve prolapse?

2. Does the mitral valve prolapse increase, decrease, or not change stroke volume (the amount of blood exiting the
ventricle with each ventricular contraction)?

3. How does mitral valve prolapse decrease cardiac output (the amount of blood exiting the ventricle per minute)?

Part IV–Mrs. Helms was very upset with the news of her husband’s condition. As the day progressed, she noticed that Mr. Helm’s breathing was increasingly difcult. He could barely speak without losing his breath. Mrs. Helms called the nurse to her husband’s room. “My husband can’t breathe! What is wrong? I thought he had a heart attack not a respiratory condition!” Nurse Nan auscultated the patient’s chest listening to Mr. Helms’ respirations, which were rapid and wet, producing rales or crackling sounds. Nurse Nan calmly informed Mrs. Helms, “I’m sorry. Your husband’s condition is worsening. Te damage to his heart is causing his respiratory problems.”

1. If the bicuspid (mitral) valve is not fully closing, does pulmonary circulation increase, decrease, or not change

2.describe blood fow with right-sided heart failure

3.What are 2 possible causes of right-sided heart failure?