Tag: Law

Recent history illustrates that bullying is a growing problem among today’s youth in the United States. Amanda Todd, for example, was only 15-year old when she committed suicide after being bullied by her peers for over a year.

In this assignment, you will discuss bullying cases, strategies to mitigate the effects of bullying and the effectiveness of bullying prevention programs.

Preparation

To prepare for this assignment, consider the following resources:

• Watch the video, Amanda Todd death investigation Global BC Final Oct. 12, 2012.
• Use your textbook, the Internet, or the Strayer University Library to research articles on bullying cases that occur today.

Instructions

Write a 2–3 page paper in which you:

• Describe at least two types of bullying to which Amanda Todd was subjected.
• Identify at least three consequences that Amanda Todd experienced as a result of being bullied, and discuss her attempts to deal with them.
• Recommend two strategies that you believe Amanda’s parents, teachers, and authorities could have used in order to reduce episodes of bullying of Amanda and thus prevent Amanda’s suicide.
• Compare at least two similarities and two differences between the bullying cases that take place today with those cases that took place when you attended high school.
• Explain the key contributing factors that you believe led to bullying behaviors. Next, suggest at least three ways in which prevention programs can reduce bullying cases overall.
• Use at least two quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

In this assignment you will apply the readings and presentations in the Reading & Study folder of Module 6: Week 6 in a meaningful way to clarify your understanding of the juvenile delinquency and diversion programs. You will include in your assessment the assumptions you think are related to these programs, if these assumptions are justified, and your rationale as to why the public doesn’t support diversion programs. The purpose of this assignment will give you the opportunity to apply weeks activities in a meaningful essay application. Your essay discusses some of the assumptions you believe are basic to delinquency prevention and diversion programs. To what extent do you feel each of these assumptions are justified? Why do you believe that the public is often unwilling to finance these prevention programs and what are the consequences of this? must also use a biblical reference as well. discussion need to be 1600 words to exclude references.

This week, you will write a comprehensive APA analysis paper utilizing all the knowledge you have gained in Criminal Procedure: Adjudication (CCJ3950).

Be sure to back up your statements and opinions for the below prompts with at least three (3) scholarly sources. O

• Compare and contrast probable cause and reasonable suspicion. What are some arguments for and against the exclusionary rule?
• Summarize the rules concerning a “stop & frisk.” Explain the practice and guidelines of conducting a protective sweep.
• Which constitutional provisions apply to confessions and interrogations and which is the most important to you and why?
• Explain how the Sixth Amendment right to counsel and the 14th Amendment right to due process applies in the identification context.
• Compare and contrast the role of the grand jury with that of the traditional trial (petit) jury.
• Explain when the right to a speedy trial, the right to a public trial, and the right to a jury trial applies. In your opinion, which of these trial rights is most important and why?
• As law enforcement or other criminal justice professional, how could you apply what you learned in this course of Criminal Procedure: Adjudication

Create an interview plan for your interview complete with questions to learn more about case management from your interviewee. During the interview, take notes of the interviewee’s responses to your questions.

Ask your interviewee the questions you have prepared. Include the following questions:

• What is the history of your agency?
• What demographics does your agency work with?
• What are some of the challenges of working with this population? What strategies do you use to overcome them?
• What suggestions do you have for engaging with clients during the interview? What strategies work well? Which should be avoided?
• What questions do you ask during the assessment? What strategies do you use when conducting the assessment?
• What case management strategies do you and your organization use? How do you use these strategies to manage your case plans?

Note: You are welcome to ask additional questions.

Write a 525- to 750-word interview analysis that describes the information you obtained from your interviewee and the interviewing/assessment strategies you employed. Pay close attention to how the organization applies case management strategies to develop and manage case plans.

DQ 1)Many people assume that increasing the sworn personnel in the field will reduce crime in an urban zone. Is that an appropriate assumption to make? Use research to support your position.

DQ 2) If the provision of policing and law enforcement services were turned over to the private sector, do you believe that this would improve or worsen the quality of service that communities receive? Do you feel citizens will feel safer with private sector policing vs. traditional policing? Justify your answer.

This is the original post (you do not need to respond to this, this is just to give guidance on what we were discussing) : In March of 1991 the nation was captivated by a video of police officers in Los Angeles, California as they were attempting to arrest Rodney King. Several officers were involved after King initially evaded police and led them on a chase that started on Interstate 210, covered more than 10 miles and exceeded speeds of 80 MPH through residential streets, ending when officers were able to block King and his two passengers at an intersection. A man (George Holliday) who lived nearby, filmed the encounter and offered it to police before providing it to a local television station when the police were not interested in seeing the video. This case was one of the earliest examples of modern surveillance, where incidents involving the police are recorded with video cameras and more recently, cell phones.

Police use of force is perhaps the most polarizing issue within the field of criminal justice today. Few actions are more difficult than having maybe five seconds to make a potentially life-threatening decision and then having that action scrutinized by others for weeks or months. Some departments employ a use of force continuum while others make use of other methods to assist officers in making decisions to elevate the amount of force necessary to make an arrest.  Most police officers like to know they have backup available if needed.  Does it always help? Does it make things worse at times? Does having additional officers present change the way one may interact with a subject? Consider the case of Eric Garner from 2014; often when multiple officers are attempting to subdue a suspect, one may not know when the suspect is resisting and when another officer is exerting force. Are the cell phone videos of bystanders sufficient to provide an accurate and adequate perspective?  Typically, those videos do not begin until after the crisis has already started, potentially missing key events.

According to Black (1976), police are more likely to use force based on the attributes of the concerned parties. This sociological theory of law prescribes that police are least likely to take corrective action against lower status persons, particularly minorities and the poor, when the accusers are also of lower status. Similarly, they are more likely to take action against lower status persons whose accusers are of a higher status. Your text introduces the concept of deindividuation in chapter 10. Used primarily to explain group behavior, it may also have implications with police officers in certain crisis situations. In Festinger’s (1952) seminal work, he argued that deindividuation occurs when individuals immerse themselves in the group to the point of losing some sense of self, becoming anonymous and doing things they would not likely do if alone. Closely related to contagion, also discussed in your text, this may help to explain what happens in crisis events such as the one discussed above.

Consider the case of Amadou Diallo as you address the discussion thread this week.

• Do you think deindividuation or contagion applied to the case of Rodney King and/or Diallo? Did responding officers act in accordance with accepted use of force standards?
• What is the responsibility of police leadership when their officers are accused of excessive use of force?
• Take a definitive position and defend it with evidence from the literature.

1. Pack-In the case of both Rodney King and Diallo, I presume that deindividuation was most definitely apparent. Whether or not the officers acted in accordance with the accepted use of force standards can be a controversial topic. There are many that feel that they most certainly did not, while there are also some that have an understanding of the officers mindset and reasoning. Regardless of how one feels toward the cases, I think that it is safe to postulate that deindividuation was a factor in both predicaments. According to Vilanova et al. (2017), “Deindividuation may be described as the situation in which individuals act in groups and do not see themselves as individuals, thereby facilitating antinormative behavior” (p.1). When it comes to dealing with issues that result from deindividuation, excessive use of force may be one of those topics. Bibu & Ghanim (2018) states “In recent years, the discussion of the challenge faced by public representatives and public sector managers to act according to criteria of accountability and transparency has been intensifying. It is now clear that transparency and accountability are among the main levers of public policy in the twenty-first century. Using these levers can promote accountability and reporting towards citizens; improve efficiency and productivity of key government services by way of comparison and information-based supervision; could change social relations by empowering individuals and communities; could enhance economic growth” (p.298). Transparency and accountability are vital  when it comes to any sort of action taken by law enforcement due to excessive use of force. Leadership is crucial when it comes to a situation where excessive use of force is apparent. Incorporating characteristics such as accountability and transparency aline with effective leadership ability. I think when looking at police use of force and the issue that it can entail, one must consider one big aspect of each and every scenario, officers are people just like everyone else. There have most certainly been a fair amount of mistakes made over the years that I think could have been avoided with more in depth studies on theories such as the sociological theory of law and the topic of deindividuation. I presume that further research into topics such as these would allow better policies and guidelines to be implemented. It is important that as a Christian, we are always seeking wisdom and allowing for God’s guidance in our lives. James 1:5 reads, “If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not; and it shall be given him.”

References

Bibu, N., & Ghanim, B. (2018). Accountability, Taking Responsibility and Protection of Minorities and their Influence on the Police Organization Performance. Revista De Management Comparat International, 19(3), 298-305. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.24818/RMCI.2018.3.298

James 1:5 (KJV). (2021). Bible Gateway. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=James…

Vilanova, F., Francielle, M. B., Costa, Â. B., & Koller, S. H. (2017). Deindividuation: From Le Bon to the social identity model of deindividuation effects. Cogent Psychology, 4(1)http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1080/2331…

2. Salinas-  According to Harmening (2014), individuation happens when single partakers include themselves into a unit or group to the point where they lose themselves within the group’s identity. Individuals will usually pick up attitudes, characteristics, and beliefs they would not normally partake in outside the group setting. The unit will, over time, reach a state called the collective mind. This happens when the individual(s) will start acting on the group setting’s newly perceived beliefs and attitudes and conform. Having set aside their self-control, the emotions of the unit will spread at an alarming rate. This occurrence is called contagion. The unit can now be viewed as uncontrollable.

           In the case of Amadou Diallo, the four officers involved in the shooting seemed as though they had a sense of fear-driven panic. In their minds, they perceived a threat, which in turn woke their sense of survival and instincts. Their perceived threat of the imaginary gun catapulted shootings that then became contagious shootings. In this specific case, deindividuation took place to a certain extent and for specific reasons. The police officers took on fear and panic once faced with a perceived threat, thus thrusting them into shooting. It just so happens they did it all at once after the first shot (contagious) to protect themselves and the group instinctively. According to Vilanova (2017), “Despite being composed of people who tend to exhibit automated behavior, every crowd has a conductor. The conductor plays a decisive role through his will, around which the opinion of the crowd is formed and identified.” In situations like contagious shooting because of fear-driven panic, the conductor could very well be the first shooter of the group, which in turn becomes deadly for any suspect.

           In the case of Rodney King, he was beaten by a group of police officers from Los Angeles Police Department in 1991. The incident was caught on videotape, which then was released to the public via news broadcast. This beating by police officers sparked what is now known as the L.A. riots. Watson (2019) stated that about 92 percent of L.A. residents who viewed the released King tapes thought the officers used disproportionate force. Indeed, the severity of the beating seemed utterly unnecessary. The officers acted as a group that showcased deindividuation which resulted from an anger-driven panic. Usually, anger-driven panic stems from individuals from the opposing verdict; this is what caused the L.A. riots that resulted from this exact case. The officers are considered a unit or group, so they can also be subject to panic. After leading officers on a high-speed chase, while being under the influence, this may have sparked this type of panic within the officers, creating anger towards King. Thus, the unethical beating. This scenario includes anger-driven panic, which resulted in deindividuation, and during the ruckus included contagion-which spreads quickly because of elevated emotions (Harmening, 2014). There is a point in the confrontation where King is on the ground on his stomach. This an easy position to be put into handcuffs and arrested. Regardless, the officers continued beating King, still clearly intoxicated. This situation was full of emotions and chaos; the police officers decided to continue feeding the situation rather than de-escalating it and putting it to an end.

           The use of force should be decided depending on the situation. Also, considering the rate and way the situation escalates and match it with the required force. According to Mourtgos (2020), it is nearly impossible to expect a law enforcement officer not to use force when deeming it necessary in any given situation. When apprehending and arresting suspects, it does become violent. A few examples of this can include breaking up fights, making arrests due to drugs, or even defending themselves. So, violence is a given when it comes to this line of work. The officers in the Diallo case deemed their use of force necessary due to their perception at that exact moment. It is difficult to judge the actions taken by officers in that circumstance when your life and others around you are at risk.

Furthermore, it is easy to judge when you are outside looking in, without not living a single day of your life in those positions where drastic and quick decisions need to be made. In the case of King, I do believe excessive use of force was expressed. As far as the case with Diallo, the officers acted on their perception of the situation. Their first instinct was to react accordingly to someone pulling out a weapon, especially after a chase where the subject was non-compliant, to begin. As far as the case with King, the use of force was excessive. This case is not acting per any accepted standards and uncalled.  When officers are accused of excessive use, leadership should apply procedural justice training; this will reduce complaints and any force misuse.

When things seem to be getting out of hand, we must remember to use perseverance and be patient with these types of confrontations and situations. Trying to stay true to God and do good. Galatians 6:9 proclaims, “And let us not be weary in well doing: for in due season we shall reap, if we faint not” (King James Bible, 1769/2017).

References

Harmening, W. M. (2014). Crisis intervention: the criminal justice response to chaos, mayhem, and disorder. Pearson.

King James Bible. (2017). King James Bible Online. https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/ (Original work published 1769)

Mourtgos, S. M., & Adams, I. T. (2020). Assessing public perceptions of police use-of-force: Legal reasonableness and community standards. Justice Quarterly, 37(5), 869-899. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2019.1679864

Vilanova, F., Beria, F. M., Costa, Â. B., & Koller, S. H. (2017). Deindividuation: From le bon to the social identity model of deindividuation effects. Cogent Psychology, 4(1), 1308104. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2017.1308104

Watson, R. (2019). In the wakes of rodney king: Militant evidence and media activism in the age of viral black death. The Velvet Light Trap, 84(84), 34-49. https://doi.org/10.7560/VLT8404

Scenario 1: Your jurisdiction has decided to institute a new criminal justice policy. Under the new policy, people stopped and found in possession of 25 grams or less of marijuana (a violation under our law) will no longer be cited or arrested. Experts put the value of that amount of marijuana at approximately $300. The new policy covers only marijuana that appears to be for “personal use,” rather than for sale. Anyone caught smoking marijuana in public will still be subject to arrest regardless of the amount

.Choose one (1) scenario that you wish to base your final project. Using the Seven-Stage Checklist for Program/Policy Planning and Analysis in the Appendix of our textbook, create a new program or policy plan based on your chosen scenario. Use the Checklist as your guide, for example, stage one, Analyzing the Problem, document the need for change and describe the history of the problem, as you work through the checklist.

Your project should contain six (6) of the seven stages of our model:

• analyzing the problem,
• setting goals and objectives,
• designing the program or policy,
• developing an action plan,
• developing a plan for monitoring program or policy implementation, and
• developing a plan for evaluating outcome
• https://101growlights.com/the-daily-chronic/

Scenario 1:  Your jurisdiction has decided to institute a new criminal justice policy.  Under the new policy, people stopped and found in possession of 25 grams or less of marijuana (a violation under our law) will no longer be cited or arrested. Experts put the value of that amount of marijuana at approximately $300.  The new policy covers only marijuana that appears to be for “personal use,” rather than for sale. Anyone caught smoking marijuana in public will still be subject to arrest regardless of the amount

.Choose one (1) scenario that you wish to base your final project. Using the Seven-Stage Checklist for Program/Policy Planning and Analysis in the Appendix of our textbook, create a new program or policy plan based on your chosen scenario.  Use the Checklist as your guide, for example, stage one, Analyzing the Problem, document the need for change and describe the history of the problem, as you work through the checklist.

One of the goals of the course is to reveal how the law can be used as a mechanism of oppression of already disadvantaged groups which perpetuates the stratification of power. This process becomes evident through case studies of specific legal codes, aspects of the legal process, and other avenues of discrimination that people face within the legal system.

Prompt:

For this paper, I would like you to find your own examples of laws that serve as mechanisms to perpetuate inequality. This inequality could come from the way the law targets certain groups, criminalizes certain behaviors associated with disadvantaged groups, or has a disproportionate negative impact over a given population. Please note, you are not able to use any of the laws that we covered/will cover throughout this course. If you have questions about how well a law could fit, please reach out to myself or our TA.

Requirements:

• Minimum six pages, papers below the minimum will be docked

• MLA or ASA format

• Minimum of six sources and at least three of them have to be academic, only one of your sources can come from the course readings

• Submitted via canvas

• Final draft due by 11:59pm

• Late work subject to penalization unless extenuating circumstances arise

Things to keep in mind:

• Your paper needs to utilize outside research to effectively demonstrate the discriminatory impact of the laws.

• Students can do a deeper dive of a single law or analyze a variety of laws that are similarly situated (for instance the black codes we talked about in class).

• You should provide some context on why the law(s) were created. Was this in response to perceived power gains of a power minority group? What sort of rhetoric was used to justify the need for the law(s)?

• This is a sociology paper, so it should reflect sociological thinking and utilize concepts from the discipline. The reader should have a clear understanding that you have attended class, done the course readings, and have a strong understanding of the course materials.

• The expectations on this paper will be quite high. As a UCD student in an upper division sociology class, you should present a paper that is devoid of grammatical errors, effectively argues your points with evidence to support your claims and should be well articulated and organized. This means that you should have something amazing by the end of the process that you would be proud to show a perspective grad school, future employer, or gam-gam.

Students will be graded on:

• How effectively they demonstrate the impact of the legal code(s)

• Integration of outside sources to support their points

• Utilization of course concepts and perspectives

• Demonstration of an understanding of the sociological perspective

• Clear articulation of their points and organization of their paper

• Following the formatting guidelines and prompt instructions

• How well they make the case that a given law fits as an example of the law being used to perpetuate power inequality